effects for electrical resistivity according to Graceli categories.

trans-intermecânica and effects 8,191 to 8,200.



In general, the electrical resistivity (ρ) of many metals, at room temperature (300K), is dominated by the conduction electron collision with the phonons (thermal vibrations), thermicity, electrocivicity, magneticity, radioactivity, dynamicity, potency pressures and resistance [resistance] of a network; at low temperatures (eg, liquid helium, around ≈ 4K), it is dominated by collisions with impurity atoms and mechanical imperfections in the lattice. Thus, the resistivity of a metal containing impurity atoms can be given by:

ρ = ρT + ρE + E [CG] [energies and categories of Graceli].

ρ = ρT + ρE + E [CG] [eeeeeffdp [f] [mcCdt] [+ mf] [itd] [cG].



[intensity, time of action, dynamics for in system in movement] [cG categories of Graceli].
                                                   
where ρT is the electrical resistivity caused by the thermal movement of the crystalline lattice, and ρE is the resistivity caused by the scattering of electrons by the impurity atoms that distort the periodicity of the lattice. If the atom impurity concentration is small, ρE is independent of temperature. In turn, ρT → 0 when T → 0

that is, if there are variations of electrical resistivity according to the categories of Graceli, agents and energies, and including structures. even with temperatures close to 0.


                    minimum value for the electrical resistivity (ρ) of several chemical elements, such as magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na), at temperatures around 5K and 20K, respectively.

where there is the increase of ρ at low temperatures of dilute alloys of a magnetic ion (impurity) in gold (Au) and in iron (Fe).


as a consequence of the interaction between the conduction electron and the magnetic ion and according to the categories and energies of Graceli [with varying potentials for each type of structure]


with variations for the electronic states and natural atoms,


with variations on other secondary phenomena. such as tunnels, refractions, diffractions, entanglements, enthalpies, enthalpies, quantum states, quantum leaps, vibratory state, electrostatic potential, ion and charge interactions, energies, chains, transformations, Graceli cohesion fields, and others, where both has an effect on the electrical resistivity and has on it effects of the electrical resistivity itself.

and effects of quantum states, physical states, electronic states, Graceli states, and others, and where it also has effects on itself.